Summary
This Technical Brochure focuses on exploration of an alternative electricity metering solution, to the conventional analogue approach, which is a digital based metering system reliant on a process bus. It provides an overview of conventional metering systems as a comparative reference to the digital ones, and explores their differences, similarities, as well as pros and cons. It also discusses the importance of legal requirements to allow new metering technology to be adopted at scale, as well as collecting best practice from across the world in the absence of standardisation and other established industry best practice processes. The brochure discusses practical Digital Revenue Metering (DRM) applications using conventional instrument transformers or LPITs, and provides insights generated from a global survey, dedicated to exploration of process bus technology popularisation within PACS (Protection, Automation and Control Systems) applications, as well as DRM deriving from it. This brochure’s recommendations are designed to be actionable, relevant, and adaptable, providing guidance to utility professionals, regulators and approval bodies, consultants, researchers, engineers, system integrators and manufacturers, on navigating the complexities of modern electricity metering chains based on process bus digital technology.
Table of content
1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. Metering Terminology
4. Legal Requirements
4.1. Overview of Legal Requirement Challenges for Conventional and Digital Revenue Metering
5. Architectures in Conventional Metering Systems and Current Requirements
5.1. Conventional Substation Topologies: Electric and Communication
5.2. Measurements in Conventional Substations
5.3. Type Test and Routine Tests According to IEC Product Standards
5.4. Legal and End User Requirements and Approvals
5.5. Security
6. Architectures in Digital Substation Automation Systems and Current Experience
6.1. Digital Substation Topologies: Electric and Communication
6.2. Time Synchronisation in Digital Substations with Process Bus
6.3. Measurements in Digital Substations
6.4. Type Test and Routine Tests According to IEC Product Standards
6.5. Survey Results
6.7. Security
7. Comparison of Conventional and Non-Conventional Metering Systems: Benefit Analysis
7.1. General Benefits and Topologies
7.2. Measurement Uncertainty / Accuracy Limits
7.3. Type Test and Routine Tests According to IEC Product Standards
7.4. Security
7.5. Field Trials and End User Experience
8. Digital Metering and Substation Automation Systems: Future Concepts and Challenges to Overcome
8.1. Metering System Topologies
8.2. Recommendations for Time Synchronisation
8.3. Recommendations on the Choice of Process Bus Sampling Rate
8.4. Choice of Accuracy Classes
8.5. Type Test and Routine Tests According to IEC Product Standards
8.6. Legal Requirements and Approvals and Need for Change
8.7. Evolution of Security Considerations
9. Conclusions
10. Recommendations for Future Research
Appendix A. Abbreviations
Appendix B. Links and References
Appendix C. Additional Materials
C.1. B5.76 Survey Questionnaire
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 1006 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-711-6 |
| Study committees | |
| Working groups | WG B5.76 |
| File size | 6 MB |
| Pages number | 93 |
| Price for non member | 180 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
Rostislavas Marcenko, Convenor (CH), Joao Jesus, Secretary (GB)
Anders Lindskog (SE), Sami Najar (FR), Peter Menke (DE), Peter Jensen (FR), Iain Nicoll (GB), Mohamed Omar (ZA), Geert Borloo (BE), Leif Egil Stene Dahl (NO)
Corresponding Members
Imre Tannemaat (NL), Anut Arunanun (TH), Piotr Przydatek (CA), Jingfen Bai (CN), Satendra Bhola (AU), Bas Mulder (NL), Dalmir Capetta (BR)
Keywords
Digital Revenue Metering (DRM), billing, tariff metering, Protection Automation and Control Systems (PACS), process bus, metering, architecture, topologies, security, LPIT, low power instrument transformers
