Summary
Read more on ELECTRASubstation busbar systems and components have received little attention within CIGRE or the industry in general, while overhead power line fittings have been analysed in several brochures and reports. Cigre working group B3.49 gathered suppliers, utilities, testing lab and other experts in one group. This brochure addresses basic topics for newcomers as well as high-level studies for experts. It also includes a survey and an analysis of the importance of connectors for the participants. Some central aspects of the brochure are reliability, testing and installation.
Table of content
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 General reliability expectation
2 Properties of electrical contacts and degradation mechanism
2.1 Connection methods and technologies
2.2 Electrical contacts and connections
2.3 Electrical connectors and their properties
2.4 Degradation mechanisms and mitigation measures
2.5 Electrical Properties of substation connectors
2.6 Impact of connector design and installation on life expectancy
3 Classification of Substation Connectors
3.1 Connection Methods and Technologies
3.2 Typical connector arrangements
4 Design of busbars and connections in an air-insulated substation
4.1 General
4.2 Overview of typical Connections in air-insulated substations
4.3 Busbar design
4.4 Busbar arrangements
4.5 Design of busbar connections
4.6 Dropper and Jumper design
4.7 Design of apparatus connections
4.8 String and post insulators
4.9 Corona mitigation measures
4.10 Special case of high temperature conductors
4.11 Chapter References
5 Technical specification and Quality
5.1 Connector design requirements
5.2 Design rules
5.3 Workmanship and Quality
5.4 Digital twin (model) of a physical connector
5.5 Material specification
5.6 Chapter References
6 Installation Procedures
6.1 Bolted connections
6.2 mechanical properties of substation connectors
6.3 Compression connections
6.4 Welded Connections
7 Maintenance and Monitoring
7.1 Introduction (Reference CIGRE TB 740)
7.2 Asset Management Fundamentals
7.3 Risk Management
7.4 Reliability
7.5 Maintenance
7.6 Whole Life Management
7.7 Condition Monitoring
7.8 Cost Benefits of Monitoring and Diagnostics
7.9 Qualitative Risk Analysis Technique
7.10 Chapter References
8 Testing
8.1 Modular design
8.2 Test overview
8.3 Different tests regarding Design and Quality
8.4 Special Test (assembly, mounting, installation and long-term tests)
9 Service, Operational Experience and Common Installation Mistakes
9.1 Maintenance practices
9.2 Examples of errors, faults and hot spots
10 High voltage connectors survey
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Questionnaire and results
11 Conclusion
11.1 General
11.2 Possible impact on reliability
11.3 Design of connections
11.4 Testing of connectors
11.5 Recommendations
Appendix A Bibliography and References
A.1 Standards
A.2 CIGRE Technical Brochures
A.3 CIGRE Papers and Contributions
A.4 Other References
Appendix B Definitions, Abbreviations and Symbols
B.1 CIGRE Terms
B.2 Organisation Acronyms
B.3 Specific terms in this TB
B.4 Symbols
B.5 List of figures and tables
Appendix C Digital twin (model) of a physical object
C.1 Digitisation at DSO/TSO LEVEL
C.2 Acknowledements
Appendix D Design processes for rigid and flexible conductors
D.1 Design process for tubular conductors
D.2 Design process for single/bundled stranded conductors
D.3 Design process for sag and tension calculations
Appendix E Case studies: Seismic design of aluminium tubular busbar in Japan
E.1 Background
E.2 Mechanical strength of aluminium tubular busbar
E.3 Seismic design for aluminium tubular busbar
Appendix F Special Considerations when connecting Air- Core Reactors
F.1 Introduction
F.2 Magnetic Fields of Air-Core Reactors
F.3 Eddy Current Losses
F.4 Induced Currents and Losses in Closed Loops
F.5 Practical Implications of the Theory
F.6 Ampacity Selection for Connecting conductors
F.7 Case Study: Thyristor-Controlled Shunt Reactors (TCRs) with an Inappropriate Connection Arrangement
F.8 Mock-up test Arrangement
F.9 References
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 930 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-635-5 |
| Study committees | |
| Working groups | WG B3.49 |
| File size | 16 MB |
| Pages number | 259 |
| Price for non member | 300 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
Milan RADOSAVLJEVIC, Convener (SE)
Terry KRIEG (AU), Steffen GROSSMANN (DE), Gerd LINGNER (DE), Libor BILY (AT), Theunus MARAIS (ZA), Wolfgang EYRICH (DE), Hubert MÜLLER (AT), Lauren ROYER (FR), Jaen-Francois GOFFINET (BE), Jaap KOUWENHOVEN (NL), Muhammad SADIQ SIDDIQUI (UK), Peter DOPPLMAIR (AT), Min Soo LEE (KR), Daniel FETZ (AT)
Keywords
Busbars, Component Reliability, High Voltage Equipment, Connectors, Joint Types, Ageing, Contact Resistance, Corrosion, Thermal Stress, Mechanical Stress, Installation Quality, Condition Monitoring, Digital Twin, Partial Discharge, PD, Life-Cycle Cost, LCC, Risk-based Asset Management
