Digital twins for power transformers – Concept and future perspectives

3. Survey Results on Digital Twin Applications, Benefits and Perspectives

3.1. Introduction
3.2. Motivation and Industry Need
3.3. Scope, Methodology and Respondent Profile
3.4. Adoption Status
3.5. Benefits and Key Application Areas of Transformer Digital Twins
3.6. Digital Twin Usage by Respondent Type
3.7. Challenges and Barriers to Digital Twin Adoption
3.8. Data Readiness and Integration Considerations
3.9. Operational Preparedness and Resource Considerations
3.10. Conclusion

4. Data Integration

4.1. Introduction
4.2. Characteristics of Available Data
4.3. Data Management
4.4. Integration of Data into Multi-State Models

5. Physics- and Knowledge-Based Models

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Electromagnetic Models
5.3. Thermal Models
5.4. Dielectric Degradation Models
5.5. Mechanical Models
5.6. Component Models
5.7. Conclusion

6. Data-Driven and Hybrid Models

6.1. Introduction
6.2. Data Pre-Processing and Preparation
6.3. Modelling Approaches
6.4. Hybrid Models
6.5. Application Examples
6.6. Future Work
6.7. Conclusion

7. Trustworthiness and User Acceptance of Digital Twins

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Expectations
7.3. Examples for Illustration
7.4. Digital Twin Structure
7.5. Data and Decisions
7.6. Analyses and Visualisation
7.7. Life-Changing Events
7.8. Examples of Reliability Considerations
7.9. Examples Illustrating Analysis Accuracy
7.10. Review, Auditing and Verification
7.11. Discussion
7.12. VVUQ Checklist for Transformer Digital Twin Projects
7.13. Conclusion

8. Recommendations

8.1. Introduction
8.2. Data Quality
8.3. Standardisation
8.4. Flexibility
8.5. Reliability
8.6. Connectivity and Hybrid Approaches
8.7. Data Governance
8.8. Usability
8.9. Organisation

9. Conclusion

Appendix A. Definitions, Abbreviations and Symbols

A.1. General Terms
A.2. Specific Terms

Appendix B. Links and References

Appendix C. Survey Questionnaire