Impact of IEEE 2800-2022 Fault-Ride Through Requirements on the Protection of Network Dominated by IBRs

The modern electric grid is rapidly evolving as large-scale renewable energy resources (RES) such as photovoltaic and wind power are increasingly deployed alongside battery energy storage systems (BESS). These hybrid power plants rely on inverter‑based resources (IBRs), which interface with the grid through power electronic converters rather than synchronous machines. Because IBRs lack inherent inertia and depend on fast-switching semiconductor controls, their behavior during disturbances is fundamentally different from traditional generators. Grid-following (GFL) inverters historically synchronized to the grid and delivered fixed power unless abnormal grid conditions prompted disconnection. The emergence of gridforming (GFM) control has shifted this paradigm by enabling inverters to emulate the voltage– frequency support characteristics of synchronous machines. IEEE Std. 2800‑2022 formalizes performance requirements for transmission‑connected IBRs, mandating capabilities such as reactive current injection proportional to positive‑sequence voltage sags and controlled negative-sequence current injection during unbalanced faults. However, the standard leaves flexibility regarding active power behavior during faults and prioritization between positive and negative sequence currents, resulting in manufacturer‑specific implementation strategies that may affect system dynamics.