Unconventional Interfaces for Protection, Measurement and Control of Unconventional Sources

To supplement and elucidate power system oscillations, such as sub-synchronous oscillations, the control block’s internal state must be continuously measured at a sufficiently high sampling rate. However, because these unconventional sources are still in the research and development phase, standardisation of generator control block models for adaptively parameter adjustment via communication is yet to be achieved. Furthermore, since many stakeholders are involved in the development, introduction, operation, and access to unconventional sources for the PMCIF, ensuring cybersecurity is essential. This study proposes a protection, measurement, and control interface (hereinafter referred to as the PMC-IF) that enables dynamic parameter adjustment of generator control blocks and state monitoring for unconventional sources, while achieving continuous, high-frequency synchronous measurement in accordance with international standards. To support the bulk power system, a prototype PMC-IF targeting motor-generator (M-G) sets and grid-forming/following (GFM/GFL) inverters was developed to verify the intended operation and identify challenges for practical implementation. The capacity of synchronous generators decreased owing to the large-scale introduction of renewable energy. Therefore, we also examined unconventional sources, such as M-G sets and