Wide Area Protection Based on Phase Angle of Sequence Components

(ADN) such as single phase to ground, phase to phase, double phase to ground and three phases to ground faults. However, the detection of open conductor faults is still a challenging task in distribution networks, since such types of faults appear as a High Impedance Fault (HIF).

During the rapid development of communication techniques, a greater range of wide-area information exchange has become possible. Thus, the research of wide area protection (WAP) schemes has received increasing attention in transmission level. Meanwhile, the changing nature of electrical distribution systems and the availability of 𝜇PMUs are the driven force to extend the WAP from the transmission level to the distribution level. Several WAPs schemes were proposed in the literature to address the protection problems associated with integrating

DGs into ADN, but the comprehensive WAP scheme that can detect, identify, and isolate all types of faults still tackled by several researchers.

This paper proposes a wide area protection scheme for radial ADN based on fault current component analysis. The proposed scheme uses the angle difference of positive and negative sequence of the fault current between the main feeders and the branches of a radial ADN. The main feature of the proposed scheme is the ability to identify the faulty feeder even at HIF condition. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested, using MATLAB/Simulink.

Different scenarios are considered with various fault types including the open conductor faults.

Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.