Model of the practical knowledge collection and transfer on Smart Grid technologies through collaboration between the academic, industrial, and utility sectors in the Republic of Serbia

This study analysis pedagogical methodologies that are adapted to complex technical subjects, with a particular focus on the "learning by doing" approach through simulation of real problems, test scenarios and the use of relevant software and hardware tools. Findings confirm that methods of acquiring and transferring knowledge vary significantly depending on whether the knowledge is created and applied in an academic, industrial, or operational context.

Model includes the following aspects:

 Development of test scenarios for collecting practical experience

 Definition of performance metrics for testing

 Detailed elaboration of steps and expected outcomes as a foundation for accelerated knowledge acquisition

 Creation of educational modules based on real time applications

The role of the academic sector is reflected in the development of laboratory exercises that enable students to adopt practical competencies necessary for working with real systems at an early stage. On the other hand, the industrial sector must ensure its products perform reliably in diverse operational conditions and transfer this expertise effectively to customers. Operators of power system focus on the maintenance and improvement of the power grid, where continuous professional development of staff is essential, especially with the introduction of advanced IT/OT solutions.

As an illustration of the presented model, this paper analyses the implementation of the "Process

Bus" technology within the transmission system of the Republic of Serbia. The initial steps were carried out in the laboratory of the University of Belgrade, followed by the development of teaching materials and lectures. In parallel, the transmission system operator in collaboration with industry partners, implemented the pilot project under real conditions—initially in the SS

Kragujevac 2 400/110 kV, then in the SS Belgrade 3 220/110 kV, and finally in the SS Bor 6 400/110 kV, where for the first time in Serbia "Process Bus" was fully implemented, including

PRP protocol.

These projects simultaneously served as a platform for professional development through training sessions, workshops, and self-education.

Special complexity arises from the multidisciplinary nature of the technology, which requires the extension of knowledge gained at University through additional training and practical experience. An analysis of the commonalities and differences in the goals and approaches of the three aforementioned sectors highlights both the advantages and limitations of current educational models.

Through this developmental path, a foundation has been established for future platforms dedicated to the creation of practically oriented educational materials, workshops and training programs. The aim of this paper is to identify key lessons learned and to propose how the observed challenges can be used to improve practice and enhance the efficiency of expert teams in the field of smart grid technologies.