Planning heavy-duty en-route charging stations considering freight traffic and grid availability

Then, previous work that has been done to address the issue of optimal localization of charging stations has been reported. After these assessments, we present an integrated methodology for the localization of charging stations dedicated to en-route and overnight charging for battery electric trucks employed in long-haul freight operations. Combining freight flows data, geospatial data concerning locations already used during the operational travel of vehicles, the topology of the high-voltage grid, and the trans-European transport network, we identified 264 locations and computed their distance from the high-voltage grid and trans-European network.

Territorial analyses have been carried out in order to understand their distribution on a national scale, identify possible gaps in the charging infrastructure and verify the proximity to the electricity grid. Moreover, we estimated the daily energy consumption associated with these stations, based on the future penetration of Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles (HDEV) in the Italian fleet. Finally, we selected a relevant use case of an en-route charging station to illustrate the expected power load profile, which is crucial for determining the adequate grid connection.