Application of Procedures for Building Models for Poland's Long-term Energy Policy

The Polish National Power System (NPS) has undergone significant changes in recent decades resulting from the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decarbonise the economy and increase the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This transition includes the dynamic development of wind and photovoltaic energy, which are increasingly competing with conventional sources in terms of costs. At the same time, energy storage technologies are gaining importance, which can stabilise the power system in conditions of increasing supply instability.

One of the main challenges remains the unstable nature of RES generation, dependent on weather conditions. As a result, even in conditions of dynamic development of RES sources, the proper functioning of the NPS requires maintaining power in dispatchable sources, mainly conventional ones, at a level close to demand. The integration of renewable energy sources depends on the network infrastructure, demand elasticity, but also on the elasticity of conventional sources. These phenomena require appropriate reflection in analytical tools and procedures supporting long-term planning.