Wide-area damping control schemes with grid-forming as actuators

WSC introduces effective damping couplings among geographically distant areas, thereby enhancing coherency and suppressing inter-area oscillations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through time-domain simulations performed on a detailed dynamic model of the European power system. Several scenarios are investigated, considering different penetration levels and spatial distributions of grid-forming converters. Performance is assessed using system-level metrics, that quantify frequency coherency and the energetic effort required from the converters. Simulation results demonstrate that even limited participation of gridforming converters in WSC can significantly improve system damping and reduce inter-area oscillations. Higher and well-distributed penetration levels further enhance dynamic performance, in some cases nearly eliminating oscillatory behavior without increasing the total actuation energy. These findings confirm WSC as a scalable and effective wide-area control solution for future power systems with high shares of converter-interfaced generation.