Summary
On February 9 2025 at 13:05 (CET), the power systems of the Baltic States (BSPS) were synchronized with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area (CESA). To ensure a safe synchronization process without risks to infrastructure or interruptions in electricity supply, a comprehensive set of technical analyses was required. These included simulations of the synchronization process and subsequent synchronous operation, focusing on frequency, transient, and angle signal stability. The studies showed that maintaining stability in the BSPS is challenging due to its specific characteristics: a high share of renewable energy sources, large bulk power transfers, and a relatively weak synchronous interconnection with CESA.
Read more Read lessSimulations demonstrated that when the BSPS is connected to CESA only through a single 400 kV AC double-circuit line, frequency stability criteria become the main limiting factor for allowable power exchanges. The level of permissible transfers strongly depends on the availability of frequency control resources within the BSPS. The paper defines minimum inertia requirements for the BSPS and recommends frequency control measures to ensure secure transition to and long-term island operation. In addition, the paper addresses system model development, validation of dynamic unit models based on on-site tests, key findings from stability analyses, and the methodology for setting out-of-step protection at the BSPS–CESA interface.
Additional informations
| Publication type | Session Materials |
|---|---|
| Reference | C4_11262_2026 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| Country | Poland |
| Study committees |
|
| File size | 1 MB |
| Price for non member | 30 € |
| Price for member | 30 € |
Authors
KAKOL Andrzej - Institute of Power Engineering - National Research Institute, Poland; KOSMECKI Michal - Institute of Power Engineering - National Research Institute, Poland; JANKOWSKI Robert - Institute of Power Engineering - National Research Institute, Poland; SOBCZAK Bogdan - Institute of Power Engineering - National Research Institute, Poland; SMOTER Jan - Institute of Power Engineering - National Research Institute, Poland; WILK Maciej - PSE S.A., Poland
Keywords
Power System - Synchronization - Stability - Out-of-step Protection
