Summary
As the Indian power system is adopting to the high renewable energy penetration, the need for fast ramping reserves has intensified. However, the operational data reveals that a substantial quantum of reserves is not being obtained by the system operator from the Tertiary Reserves
Read more Read lessAncillary Services (TRAS) market. This “unmet requirement” is consequently being despatched in real time from generators which have a regulatory mandate under TRAS Shortfall and TRAS Emergency provisions. This deficit in the required reserve quantum in TRAS market presents a significant opportunity for new technologies such as Battery Energy Storage Systems
(BESS).
The primary objective of the paper is to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of BESS for mitigating the unmet TRAS reserve requirement. The paper demonstrates how a standalone
BESS can fulfil the TRAS reserve requirement thereby contributing to reliability and security of the power system while also ensuring financial viability and economic feasibility.
Optimization of despatch of a 500 MW / 1000 MWh BESS is presented using actual TRAS
Day Ahead Market (TRAS DAM) data from April 2024 to March 2025. The unmet TRAS quantum data used in the study represents the actual TRAS quantum that the system operator was unable to procure from DAM but despatched in real time under the provisions of TRAS
Shortfall and TRAS Emergency. Thus, this quantum represents a guaranteed despatch opportunity whenever the bid is successfully cleared. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
(MILP) framework is used to obtain the optimal despatch of the BESS to maximize the revenue earning while fulfilling the unmet ancillary requirement. The model incorporates various realworld operational constraints like Depth of Discharge (DoD), Efficiency losses, Cycle Limits,
State of Charge (SoC) Limits and mandatory cooling/resting period. Simulation results indicate that the 500 MW / 1000 MWh BESS is highly effective in mitigating the deficit of TRAS reserves. In comparison to its capacity, the modelled BESS is able to meet a considerable share of the unmet TRAS UP as well as TRAS DOWN requirement.
Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the BESS can obtain substantial annual earnings by adopting revenue maximization strategies through market arbitrage. These findings confirm that participation of BESS in Indian TRAS Market offers a dual benefit: providing adequate ancillary services reserve for the System Operator and ensuring a robust revenue generation mechanism for BESS developers.
Additional informations
| Publication type | Session Materials |
|---|---|
| Reference | C5_10423_2026 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| Country | India |
| Study committees | |
| File size | 1,007 KB |
| Price for non member | 30 € |
| Price for member | 30 € |
Authors
MONDAL* Samim - GRID-INDIA, INDIA; KUMAR Gaurav - GRID-INDIA, INDIA; MANDAL Sourav - GRID-INDIA, INDIA; PARIHAR Kavita - GRID-INDIA, INDIA
Keywords
Tertiary Reserve Ancillary Services (TRAS), ancillary market, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), market arbitrage, portfolio optimization
