The Importance of Automation Systems in the Electrical Interconnection between Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina: Challenges and Perspectives

Automation within the 500kV interconnection of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. As these grids evolve toward a more cohesive synchronous operation, the deployment of robust WideArea Control Systems (WACS) is no longer elective but a requirement for dynamic stability.

This study centers on the transition from legacy point-to-point teleprotection toward the IEC 61850-90-1 technical report, facilitating routable GOOSE (R-GOOSE) and Sampled Values

(R-SV) for cross-substation communication.

Despite its advantages, the adoption of IEC 61850-90-1 across international borders introduces significant technical hurdles. Central to these is the latency and jitter management across diverse Wide Area Networks (WAN), where strict timing requirements for automated shedding and islanding schemes must be met. Furthermore, the paper examines the multi-vendor interoperability gap, specifically the challenges of mapping Data Objects (DO) between different IED manufacturers across three distinct National Control Centers.

A critical focus is placed on international cybersecurity. Implementing a unified security perimeter using IEC 62351 standards becomes exponentially complex when interfacing different national regulatory frameworks and varied encryption overheads that may impact realtime performance. Drawing lessons from recent global blackouts—such as the 2025 events in

Chile and the Iberian Peninsula—this work argues that the 'brain' of the system must not only be automated but standardized.

The objective is to provide a technical roadmap that addresses the synchronization of PTP

(Precision Time Protocol) profiles over long-distance terrestrial and satellite links, ensuring that the inter-regional 500kV backbone remains resilient against cascading failures through a secure, standardized, and interoperable communication architecture.