Summary

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This CIGRE Green Book presents an overview of the operation of distributed energy resources (DER) and their role in enabling active distribution networks. The content draws on the expertise and work of CIGRE’s Study Committee C6 (Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources) and is the result of five years of development by the committee’s working groups. The book includes descriptions of DER assets, network systems, planning and operation, rural and off‑grid systems, and future prospects. By describing international developments and providing several examples of DER applications, it serves as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the subject.

  • Provides a detailed overview of distributed energy resources (DER) integration in active distribution systems
  • Provides a global perspective with contributions from experts around the world
  • Includes case studies of DER applications and deployment as well as pointing towards future developments

Table of content

Part I - Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Assets

1. Renewable Generation Technologies: Utilizing Solar Power
2. Renewable Energy Technologies: Beyond Solar
3. Power Electronic Converters in Electrical Grids
4. Demand Side Integration in Active Distribution Networks
5. Basics of Energy Storage Technologies
6. Hydrogen: Applications in Active Distribution Systems
7. Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Distribution Networks
8. Aggregation of Battery Energy Storage and Distributed Energy Resources (DER), Including Solar PV

Part II - Active Distribution Networks

9. Application of Electric Vehicles in Distribution Systems
10. Multi-energy System Interactions in Distribution Grids
11. Flexibility Provision from Distributed Energy Resources
12. Aggregation in Active Distribution Networks
13. Control and Automation Systems for Distribution Networks
14. Active Distribution Network Operation and Planning
15. Framework for the Creation of Quasi-Static Time-Series DER Models
16. Voltage Management in Distribution Systems in Australia
17. Power Quality Aspects in Active Distribution Networks
18. DER Hosting Capacity
19. Smart Metering Systems
20. Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Systems
21. TSO–DSO Interaction and Coordination
22. Consumer-Side DER Management

Part III - Applications, Rural Electrification, and Off-Grid Systems

23. Nodal Value of Electricity: A Critical Metric in Countries with Growing DER Shares
24. Rural Electrification in Practice
25. Hybrid Systems for Off-Grid Power Supply
26. Microgrids
27. Terminology in Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources

Additional informations

Publication type Green Books
Reference GB 19
Publication year
Publisher CIGRE
ISBN 978-3-030-91366-3
Study committees
Pages number 1127

Authors

Editors: Christine SCHWAEGERL, Kurt DEDEKIND, Ray BROWN

Keywords

Active Distribution Networks, Distributed Energy Resources, Inverter Based Generation, Demand Side Integration, Storage Technologies, Electric Vehicles, Multi-Energy Systems, Microgrids, Smart Meter, Off-Grid Systems, Rural Electrification