Summary
The Technical Brochure analyzes the behaviour and control of Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) HVDC systems connected to low synchronous generation AC systems, emphasizing the advantages and constraints of synchronous grid forming (SGFM) control over traditional grid following control, outlining desired SGFM features such as instantaneous active power response, voltage support, inertia, fault current contribution, and islanding capabilities, and providing a structured overview of HVDC system dynamics, control methods, practical limitations, and test circuits to assess controller performance under various conditions.
Table of content
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Overview of Technical Brochure
1.3. References
2. AC System Behaviour
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Synchronizing Power
2.3. Inertia Response
2.4. Damping Torque
2.5. Frequency Control
2.6. Voltage Control
2.7. Fast Fault Current Response
2.8. AC System Protection
2.9. References
3. Grid Following Converters
3.1. Typical GFL Control Modes
3.2. A Generic GFL controller
3.3. The Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
3.4. References
4. Synchronous Grid Forming Converters
4.1. New System Needs and Services in Power-Electronic-Dominated Grids
4.2. Different Type of GFM Control Solutions
4.3. Fundamental Principles of GFM Control
4.4. Requirements and Recommended Features for SGFM Specification
4.5. Challenges for GFM HVDC Systems to Meet Existing Requirements
4.6. References
5. Constraints Imposed by Practical HVDC Transmission Schemes
5.1. Constraints Imposed by the HVDC Converter Valve
5.2. Energy Available in an HVDC Link
5.3. The Impact of Converter Constraints on Grid Forming Control
5.4. References
6. Behaviour Difference between Asynchronous and Synchronous HVDC Connections
6.1. Introduction
6.2. HVDC Links Connecting AC Grids
6.3. HVDC Link Connecting AC Systems with No Synchronous Generation
6.4. References
7. A Test Bench Model for HVDC Controllers
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Test System
7.3. Measurement
7.4. References
8. Responses of HVDC Controllers to the Test Bench Circuit
8.1. Description of the Test System
8.2. Test Results
8.3. Comparing the Results with GFL Converter on Side 2
9. Conclusion
Appendix A. Test System Parameters
A.1. AC System Data
A.2. Local Generator Data
A.3. AVR Data
A.4. Transmission System Data
A.5. HVDC System Data
A.6. Load Data
A.7. References
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 1001 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-706-2 |
| Study committees | |
| Working groups | WG B4.87 |
| File size | 5 MB |
| Price for non member | 200 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
C. Barker, Convenor (UK), H. Suriyaarachchi, Secretary (CA)
C. Cardozo (FR), E. Duggan (IE), P. Ferdinando (IT), X. Guillaud (FR), I. Huq (DE), R. Iravani (CA), S. Kabul (NL), S. Kodsi (CA), M. Martin Almenta (ES), F. Milano (IE), G. Olguin (CL), E. Prieto (ES), P. Rault (FR), P. Samuelsson (SE), G. Shafique (FR), M. Wang (DE), S. Wenig (DE)
Keywords
HVDC, Voltage Sourced Converter, Synchronous Grid Forming, Grid Following, Inertia, Fault Current, Islanding, Transmission
