Summary
This brochure covers the application of high temperature conductors (including high temperature low sag) for new lines. Electrical and mechanical analysis is covered with actual examples of audible noise, losses, and EMF being given. A detailed economic analysis of the use of HTC on new lines compared to conventional conductors is provided as well as the use of the indicator method described in TB 638. The brochure concludes with actual case studies of application of HTC on new lines.
Table of content
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Scope
1.3. Types of high temperature and high temperature low sag conductors
1.4. Results of questionnaire
1.5. Summary of survey
2. Environmental issues
2.1. Structure geometry
2.2. Right of way considerations
2.3. Reduction in tower height and line visibility
2.4. Tower spotting optimization
2.5. Calculation of losses for type 4 conductors compared to AAAC
3. Electrical Considerations
3.1. Background information for Transmission line electrical design
3.2. Corona effects and fields
3.3. Right of Way (ROW) and tower heights
3.4. Corona and Fields
3.5. Thermal rating of high temperature conductors
3.6. Line losses during operation of a transmission line
3.7. Operational constraints that may limit the current on a line
3.8. Short circuit tests
3.9. Audible noise and EMF
3.10. Use of expanded conductor for mitigation of audible noise
4. Mechanical Considerations: Installation and sag calculations
4.1. Sag-Tension Calculations for HTLS Conductors
4.2. Vibration Considerations
4.3. Considerations when using light weight conductors
4.4. Earth Wire Considerations
5. Operations, maintenance and constructability
5.1. Live line Maintenance
5.2. Effect of fires on carbon fibre composite core conductors
5.3. Constructability concerns
6. Economic considerations overall
6.1. Economic Comparison Between ACSR and TYPE 4 HTLS Cables for New 500 kV Transmission Lines
6.2. Economic Analysis Between Type 0 and Type 4 Conductors for New 500kV Transmission Lines in MISO Territory
6.3. HTLS premium compared to ACSR with increased tower height
7. Use of Appropriate Technology Index (ATI) to determine best set of options [16]
7.1. Description of ATI calculation method
7.2. Optimisation of conductor options using ATI
7.3. Cost calculation of different conductor and tower options
7.4. Formulation of the ATI and obtaining of scores
8. Case studies
8.1. Case Study TACFR conductor installed in a new 138kV line in Brazil
8.2. Use of HTLS for new line in Colombia [18]
8.3. Malaysia- Pengerang 275kV line
8.4. HTLS line in USA North Dakota
8.5. Patuakhali (Payra) – Gopalgani double circuit 400kV line (Bangladesh) 160km
8.6. Use of HTLS conductors in DC operations
9. Conclusion
Appendix A Definitions, abbreviations and symbols
A.1. Specific terms
Appendix B Links and references
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 983 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-688-1 |
| Study committees | |
| Working groups | WG B2.78 |
| File size | 9 MB |
| Pages number | 116 |
| Price for non member | 220 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
R. Stephen, Convenor (ZA), Diarmid Loudon, Secretary (NO)
U. Ahmed (CA), J. Alfasten (BE), E. Bosze (US), M. Ellenbogen (IL), J. Jardini (BR), R. Puffer (DE), S. Steevens (DE), T. Wilki (DK), C. Wong (US), T. Yamanaka (JP)
Keywords
High temperature conductors, new line application of HTC, thermal rating, losses in HTC, Economic design
