A Novel Approach to Ice Detection on Power Lines Using Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing (DSTS) with Field Test Validation

Traditional sensor networks (utilizing cameras and gyroscopes) are prohibitively expensive for long-distance monitoring because they require end-to-end hardware deployment.

A primary challenge of BOTDR is that it does not provide absolute measurements. To establish an ice-free baseline, we utilize Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) segments located inside joint boxes and underground conduits. These sheltered environments prevent snow and water ingress, providing a stable reference. In this paper a system will be presented that processes signals by calculating the standard deviation of the frequency difference between the monitoring point and its nearest sheltered reference. Field validation confirmed that the Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS) responds distinctly to different ice phases; the standard deviation increases sharply during active icing or melting events due to physical instability. Between dates where stable icy periods are seen, observations showed a notably lower standard deviation. During this phase, the ice load stabilizes the cable, minimizing the impact of external environmental factors. Following the melt, the standard deviation was higher than during the stable icy period, as factors like solar radiation caused natural thermal fluctuations in the clear cable.

This paper introduces a novel method for ice detection by exploiting the unique response characteristics of OPGW cables across different environments. Supported by theoretical modelling and a prototype testbed, our results demonstrate that this system provides highresolution, spatially distributed information over several kilometres using a practical, costeffective design.