Evaluating the Impact of High-Power EV Charging on Medium-Voltage Networks Using Traffic Analysis and Grid Simulations

As countries move towards climate neutrality, the electrification of heavy-duty vehicles plays a critical role in reducing emissions in long-haul and regional freight transport. This transition not only demands the rapid deployment of zero-emission vehicles but also necessitates reliable, high-capacity charging infrastructure capable of supporting their operational needs. In particular, the development and integration of Megawatt Charging Systems (MCS) are crucial for enabling the widespread adoption of electric heavy-duty vehicles and maintaining efficient logistics operations.

As part of the MEDUSA DC Megacharger project, this paper analyzes future charging demand for electric trucks and buses, based on a comprehensive geographic traffic analysis and supported by energy demand modelling along major roads within Austria. This study aims to evaluate how the expected growth in electric mobility is impacting infrastructure requirements, especially for high-performance charging systems. The results of the traffic analysis are integrated into representative medium voltage (MV) networks in Austria in order to assess the impact on the grid and focuses on the comprehensive integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the energy system.